Basic EIRP Worksheets for Amplified Systems

• Indoor & Outdoor AGC Amplified System (Word.doc)
• Indoor & Outdoor Fixed Gain Amplified System (Word.doc)

Note:
All loss calculations are average references that are accurate to the best of our knowledge. These references cannot replace exact measurements of your individual system or application. See FCC Part 15. Use this information at your own risk.

Point to Point Link - 2.4 GHz (2.4-2.4835 GHz) 120° Degree Directional Antenna Pattern or Less
Power Input - dBm	Antenna Gain - dBi	Total EIRP - dBm	Power in Watts
34	2	36	4.0
33	3	36	4.0
32	4	36	4.0
31	5	36	4.0
30	6	36	4.0
29	9	38	6.3
28	12	40	10.0
27	15	42	15.8
26	18	44	25.1
25	21	46	39.8
24	24	48	63.1
23	27	50	100.0
22	30	52	158.5

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Point to Point Link - 5.8 GHz (5.725-5.825 GHz U-NII Upper) 120° Degree Directional Antenna Pattern or Less
Power Input - dBm	Antenna Gain - dBi	Total EIRP - dBm	Power in Watts
34	2	36	4.0
33	3	36	4.0
32	4	36	4.0
31	5	36	4.0
30	6	36	4.0
30	9	39	7.9
30	12	42	15.8
30	15	45	31.6
30	18	48	63.1
30	21	51	125.9
30	24	54	251.2
30	27	57	501.2
30	30	60	1000.0

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Point to Multi-Point Link - 2.4 GHz (2.4-2.4835 GHz) or 5.8 GHz (5.725-5.825 GHz U-NII Upper) 121° Degree Directional Antenna Pattern or More
Power Input - dBm	Antenna Gain - dBi	Total EIRP - dBm	Power in Watts
36	0	36	4.0
35	1	36	4.0
34	2	36	4.0
33	3	36	4.0
32	4	36	4.0
31	5	36	4.0
30	6	36	4.0
29	7	36	4.0
28	8	36	4.0
27	9	36	4.0
26	10	36	4.0
25	11	36	4.0
24	12	36	4.0
23	13	36	4.0
22	14	36	4.0
21	15	36	4.0
20	16	36	4.0
19	17	36	4.0
18	18	36	4.0
17	19	36	4.0
16	20	36	4.0
15	21	36	4.0

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Point to Multi-Point Link - 5.3 GHz (5.25-5.35 GHz U-NII Middle) 121° Degree Directional Antenna Pattern or More
Power Input - dBm	Antenna Gain - dBi	Total EIRP - dBm	Power in Watts
36	-6	30	1.0
35	-5	30	1.0
34	-4	30	1.0
33	-3	30	1.0
32	-2	30	1.0
31	-1	30	1.0
30	0	30	1.0
29	1	30	1.0
28	2	30	1.0
27	3	30	1.0
26	4	30	1.0
25	5	30	1.0
24	6	30	1.0
23	7	30	1.0
22	8	30	1.0
21	9	30	1.0
20	10	30	1.0
19	11	30	1.0
18	12	30	1.0
17	13	30	1.0
16	14	30	1.0
15	15	30	1.0

dBm to Watts Conversions

Power in milliWatts to dBm (and vice versa) . Enter the 'Transmit Power' (A or G above) in milliWatts OR the 'Power Ratio' in dBm and click the appropriate 'Calculate' button. 1 Watt = 1000 milliWatts.

Calculations and equations used.

Transmit Power		Result
mW		dBm
Power Ratio		Result
dBm		mW

dBm to Watts Calculations

1. mW to dBm = 10Log¹⁰(Watts) + 30
2. dBm to mW = 10^(dBm/10)

* NOTE: Calculations provided by Zytrax. Calculators are provided for the use of our customer’s at their own risk and RF Linx, Inc. does not ensure their accuracy or applicability.

System Performance

This calculator will give you one of three answers:

1. If you leave distance blank it will apply the defined SAD factor (or default to 30%) to the Operating Margin and supply the max. distance (in Km and Miles) at which the Margin operates.
2. If you enter the distance it will calculate the Operating Margin and the SAD factor.
3. If you enter distance but leave RX or TX antenna gain (or both) blank it will apply the chosen SAD factor (or default it to 30% if none supplied) and generate the required antenna power. If both are left blank it will calculate a symmetrical antenna gain.

To RESET any parameter just set it to BLANK before clicking 'Calculate'

Notes: RX Sensitivity is ALWAYS expressed as a negative dBm (- dBm) and is the lowest power of signal your radio can handle. Its buried somewhere in your radio spec and will be typically in the range of -70 to -110 dBm. Don't guess or 'fudge' this number.

Note: If you solve for TX antenna (you leave it blank) and define a specific SAD factor it is applied to the TX budget and any TX antenna value will include this factor. If you then click Calculate again without changing anything, the SAD factor will be calculated to include the supplied TX antenna value and thus may show a lower value than the original one.

Calculations and equations used.

Frequency	Distance		Result
MHz	Km OR  Miles	(FS Loss)	dB
TX Power	TX Cable	TX Antenna
dBm OR  mW	dBm	dB	dB
RX Sensitivity	RX Cable	RX Antenna
dBm	dB	dB	dB
Margin	RX Power	SAD Factor	Theoretical Margin
	dBm	%	dB

System Performance Calculations

1. Calculator normalises all distances to miles and feet during calculations.
2. Free space loss = 36.56 + 20Log¹⁰(Frequency) + 20Log¹⁰(Dist in miles)
3. mW to dBm = 10Log¹⁰(milliWatts) + 30
4. dBm to mW = 10^(dBm/10)
5. RX Power = Margin - RX sensitivity
6. Theoretical margin = TX power budget + RX power budget - free space loss
7. SAD factor = Theoretical margin/TX power budget * 100 and shows the percentage of spare power on transmission.

* NOTE: Calculations provided by Zytrax. Calculators are provided for the use of our customer’s at their own risk and RF Linx, Inc. does not ensure their accuracy or applicability.

Power Budget

Use this calculator to walk through all the factors that make up your Power Budget. The 'Power Budget' is the the total power being output from the wireless system and is the sum of:

• PLUS Radio Transmit Power (A above)
• MINUS cables and connectors losses (B above)
• PLUS antenna gain (C above).

Enter one parameter in each column (or leave blank) depending on what you know and the calculator will supply the appropriate conversions automatically. Up to 2 decimal places may be entered as 0.xx or .xx.

Note: Connector loss is generally small UNLESS you've got lots of 'em in which case you are probably in trouble anyway, or your cable is VERY short. Just leave the line blank if you are feeling lazy.

Calculations and equations used.

Radio and Antenna
Transmit Power	Antenna Gain	Power
mW OR  dBm	dB(i)	dB
Cable Loss
Cable Properties (per 100 ft or m)	Cable Length
dB (100 ft) OR  dB (100 m)	feet OR  meters	dB
Connector Loss
Frequency in MHz	No. of Connectors
MHz.	No.	dB
Budget
		dB

Power Budget Calculations

1. mW to dBm = 10Log¹⁰(Watts) + 30
2. feet to meters = .3048
3. meters to feet = 3.28
4. Calculator normalises all distances to kilometers and meters
5. Connectors loss = 0.10 * square root (frequency in GHz)

* NOTE: Calculations provided by Zytrax. Calculators are provided for the use of our customer’s at their own risk and RF Linx, Inc. does not ensure their accuracy or applicability.

Fresnel Zones

Defines how much clearance you need (yes you need more than simple Line-of-Sight) and for longer links > 3 Km (2 miles) whether you may have a ground clearance problem from our friendly planet. M. Fresnel and his theories.

Enter the Total link distance (in Miles or Kilometers), if you do not enter an Obstacle distance (in Miles or Kilometers) the calculator will use the mid-point for all calculations (Note: assumes antennas at same height). Finally enter the system Frequency in MHz and then click the 'Calculate' button. 1 GHz = 1000 MHz e.g. 2400 = 2.4 GHz.

The calculator will generate the radius of the 1st Fresnel zone only (at the obstable point or the mid-point), the 60% (no obstacle) radius and the height of the effective earth curvature at the mid-point of the Total link distance using the effective earth radius.

Calculations and equations used.

Total Link	Obstacle Distance	1st Fresnel Zone Radius
Km OR  Miles	Km OR  Miles	m at  Km	ft at  Miles
Frequency		60% No Obstacle Radius
MHz		m	ft
		Earth Height (mid-point)
		m	ft

Fresnel Zone Calculations

1. Calculator normalises all distances to kilometers and meters
2. Miles to Kilometers = 1.609
3. Kilometers to miles = 0.621
4. feet to meters = .3048
5. meters to feet = 3.28
6. 1st Fresnel Zone radius (Km) = 17.3 x Sqr root ((Obstacle Distance x (Total Link - Obstacle Distance)) / (Frequency in GHz x Total Link))
7. 1st Fresnel Zone radius (miles) = 72.6 x Sqr root ((Obstacle Distance x (Total Link - Obstacle Distance)) / (Frequency in GHz x Total Link))
8. Obstacle free radius = 0.6 x 1st Fresnel Zone radius
9. Radius of nth Fresnel zone (meter) = sqr root ( (n x wave length x Obstacle distance x (Total Link - Obstacle Distance)) / Total Link )
10. wave length (meters) = speed of light (299,792,458 m/s) / frequency in Hz
11. Earth curvature calculation = (Total Link) ² /(8 * effective earth radius)
12. effective earth radius = 4/3 * Earth radius
13. Earth radius = 3963 miles, 6378 Km

* NOTE: Calculations provided by Zytrax. Calculators are provided for the use of our customer’s at their own risk and RF Linx, Inc. does not ensure their accuracy or applicability.

Free Space Loss

Loss of power over distance (assuming no FRESNEL Effect and nothing in the way). This a very idealised calculation and in practice everything interferes with the signal but it will give you a reasonable approximation of the actual loss over distance.

Enter the system Frequency in MHz and the distance in either Kilometers (Km) or Miles below and then click the 'Calculate' button. 1 GHz = 1000 MHz e.g. 2400 = 2.4 GHz.

Calculations and equations used.

Frequency	Distance		Result
MHz	Km OR  Miles		dB

Free Space Calculations

1. Free space loss = 36.56 + 20Log¹⁰(Frequency) + 20Log¹⁰(Distance in miles)
2. Calculator normalises all distances to miles
3. Miles to Kilometers = 1.609
4. Kilometers to miles = 0.621

* NOTE: Calculations provided by Zytrax. Calculators are provided for the use of our customer’s at their own risk and RF Linx, Inc. does not ensure their accuracy or applicability.

WiFi Channel Selection & Overlap Guide

• 2.4GHz WiFi DSSS Channels
• 2.4GHz WiFi FHSS Channels
• 5.2-5.8GHz & 4.9GHz WiFi Channels

2.4GHz WiFi DSS Channels & Overlap Guide
Provided courtesy of Demarc Technologies Group
Channel Number	North America	Europe
1	2.412 GHz	2.412 GHz
2	2.417 GHz	2.417 GHz
3	2.422 GHz	2.422 GHz
4	2.427 GHz	2.427 GHz
5	2.432 GHz	2.432 GHz
6	2.437 GHz	2.437 GHz
7	2.442 GHz	2.442 GHz
8	2.447 GHz	2.447 GHz
9	2.452 GHz	2.452 GHz
10	2.457 GHz	2.457 GHz
11	2.462 GHz	2.462 GHz
12	N/A	2.467 GHz
13	N/A	2.472 GHz
14	N/A	2.484 GHz

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2.4GHz WiFi FHSS Channels
Region	Lower Limit		Upper Limit		Regulatory Range
North America	2.402 GHz		2.480 GHz		2.400 - 2.4835 GHz
Europe	2.402 GHz		2.480 GHz		2.400 - 2.4835 GHz
2.4 GHz FHSS - Number of Operating Channels
Region		Hopping Set		Minimum
North America		79		75
Europe		79		20
2.4 GHz FHSS Channel Values
Channel	Value	Channel	Value	Channel	Value
2	2.402	28	2.428	54	2.454
3	2.403	29	2.429	55	2.455
4	2.404	30	2.430	56	2.456
5	2.405	31	2.431	57	2.457
6	2.406	32	2.432	58	2.458
7	2.407	33	2.433	59	2.459
8	2.408	34	2.434	60	2.460
9	2.409	35	2.435	61	2.461
10	2.410	36	2.436	62	2.462
11	2.411	37	2.437	63	2.463
12	2.412	38	2.438	64	2.464
13	2.413	39	2.439	65	2.465
14	2.414	40	2.440	66	2.466
15	2.415	41	2.441	67	2.467
16	2.416	42	2.442	68	2.468
17	2.417	43	2.443	69	2.469
18	2.418	44	2.444	70	2.470
19	2.419	45	2.445	71	2.471
20	2.420	46	2.446	72	2.472
21	2.421	47	2.447	73	2.473
22	2.422	48	2.448	74	2.474
23	2.423	49	2.449	75	2.475
24	2.424	50	2.450	76	2.476
25	2.425	51	2.451	77	2.477
26	2.426	52	2.452	78	2.478
27	2.427	53	2.453	79	2.479
				80	2.480

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5GHz U-NII & CEPT Channels (802.11a & 802.11h)
Regulatory Domain	Band (GHz)	RF Linx Amplifier Base Model #	Operating Channel #	Channel Center (MHz)
United States	U-NII Lower Band (5.15 - 5.25)	5200xxx	36 40 44 48	5180 5200 5220 5240
United States	U-NII Middle Band (5.25 - 5.35)	5300xxx	52 56 60 64	5260 5280 5300 5320
CEPT (European)	(5.47 - 5.725)	5600xxx	100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140	5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640 5660 5680 5700
United States	U-NII Upper Band (5.725 - 5.825)	5800xxx	149 153 157 161	5745 5765 5785 5805
United States	Emergency Services (4940 - 4990)	4900xxx

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United States Frequency Allocation Chart

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.html

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Average Loss Charts

• RF Splitter Losses
• Cable & Connector Losses
• Lightning Arrestor Losses

Average RF Splitter Losses
We suggest using not more than a 2 way splitter. 3dB = 25% of your range & performance
Split	Loss (dB) @ 2.4GHz
2 Way	3.0
3 Way	4.8
4 Way	6.0
5 Way	7.0
6 Way	7.8
8 Way	9.0

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Average RF Cable Losses
Cable Type & Length	Average Loss (dB)
Frequency	900MHz	2.4GHz	5.8GHz
LMR-100 A (10')	2.28	3.89	6.41
LMR-195 (10')	1.07	1.78	2.83
LMR-200 (10')	0.99	1.65	2.64
LMR-400 (100')	3.9	6.61	10.82
LMR-400 UF(100')	4.69	7.9	12.82
LMR-500 (100')	3.13	5.36	8.86
LMR-600 (100')	2.5	4.33	7.26
LMR-900 DB (100')	1.7	2.92	4.87
LMR-1200 DB (100')	1.27	2.21	3.77
Average RF Connector Losses
Per Connection Point	0.2dB

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Average Lightning Arrestor Losses
Lightning Arrestor Type	Loss (dB) @ 2.4Ghz
RF Linx 2400 LAR	0.4 max / 0.2 typical
RFL-SP3	0.4 max / 0.2 typical

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Connector References

• Connector Pictures - Enlarged
• WLAN Radio Connectors